This a fascinating study of the murderous ideology of Germany's National Socialism and of its allies in Europe.

Kallis shows that "there were fascist or `fascistised' movements across Europe that perceived themselves as `agents' of the wider National-Socialist project. Of all `agents' of collaboration these movements came to epitomise a model of extreme `collaborationism' - ideology-driven, fanatical, missionary almost unconditional. ... Their role in inciting violence against `others' among the local population, in assisting the National-Socialist authorities in their murderous tasks, in instigating pogroms, and in making all sorts of eliminationist measures possible cannot possibly be exaggerated."

In every country, these movements were a fifth column, committed to destroying their own country's independence and sovereignty Socialist Germany and became sufficiently `fascistised' in ideological and formal terms to throw its lot with the National-Socialist Neuordnung."

He notes, "leaflets prepared Moscow, the Poles, the Hungarians, the Jews'. Meanwhile, OUN-staffed divisions fighting alongside the Wehrmacht forces established a reign of terror in many parts of western Ukraine, murdering thousands - predominantly Jews."

The Nazis recruited Ukrainians `for large-scale cleansing operations'. "In Ukraine, almost 28,000 were recruited - a figure that rose substantially until the end of the war, including volunteers in various SS formations that fought alongside the Germans until the very end."

In all, this book gives a sobering account of the horrors of Nazism's genocidal ideas and practice.